Adjective (Relative) Clauses Advanced Level MCQs Test With Answers 1

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Question 1

As I cross the bridge over the Bosphorus, I can see the school _____ my friend studied.

A	where
B	that
C	which
D	who
E	when

Question 1 Explanation:

Where introduces a relative clause about a place and replaces at which: the school where my friend studied = the school at which my friend studied. Not that or which: they would need a preposition, as in the school that my friend studied at.

Question 2

Joseph is an accomplished artist, _____ skills include painting and drawing.

A	who
B	whose
C	whom
D	what
E	that

Question 2 Explanation:

Whose shows possession: the skills belong to Joseph (his skills → whose skills). Who and whom cannot be followed directly by a noun like this.

Question 3

A bear will only attack a human _____ threatens it.

A	where
B	who
C	which
D	what
E	when

Question 3 Explanation:

Who is the subject relative pronoun for people: a human who threatens it. Which is used for things and animals, not for people.

Question 4

The Goethe Institute, _____ is named after the greatest writer in German literature, is respected worldwide as a resource and educational centre.

A	when
B	why
C	that
D	where
E	which

Question 4 Explanation:

The commas show a non-defining relative clause, and the antecedent is a thing (an institute), so we use which. Not that, because that cannot introduce a non-defining clause.

Question 5

Turkey, _____ landscape changes dramatically from region to region, offers enough variety to keep even the most adventurous traveller happy.

A	which
B	when
C	that
D	whose
E	whom

Question 5 Explanation:

Whose shows possession and can refer to places: Turkey's landscape → whose landscape. Which cannot be followed directly by a noun here.

Question 6

The Spice Girls, one of _____ members has just left the band, have decided to continue as a four-piece band.

A	which
B	where
C	whose
D	that
E	whom

Question 6 Explanation:

The members belong to the band, so we need the possessive whose: one of whose members = one of its members. Not whom, because whom cannot be followed by a noun (one of whom would need no members).

Question 7

The Australian Indian Pacific Train, _____ was the world’s first transcontinental train linking two oceans, is one of the world’s most luxurious long-distance trains.

A	that
B	where
C	which
D	when
E	whose

Question 7 Explanation:

This is a non-defining clause (between commas) about a thing, the train, so which is used as the subject. Not that, which is not used after a comma in non-defining clauses.

Question 8

Many of the medieval buildings in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, were destroyed in World War II, one of _____ was the birthplace and childhood home of the great German author Goethe.

A	which
B	whom
C	whose
D	where
E	when

Question 8 Explanation:

After a quantifier + of (one of, many of, some of), we use which for things and whom for people. The buildings are things, so one of which. Not whose, because no noun follows the gap.

Question 9

We were wondering about the reason _____ the club had cancelled this week’s meeting.

A	where
B	which
C	when
D	why
E	who

Question 9 Explanation:

After the reason, we use the relative adverb why (= for which): the reason why the club had cancelled the meeting. Not which, because the clause is already complete and needs no subject or object.

Question 10

No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention _____ every child needs.

A	when
B	where
C	how
D	who
E	that

Question 10 Explanation:

That introduces a defining clause about things (the love and attention) and is the object of needs: every child needs the love and attention. Who is only for people.

Question 11

Romania has over 100,000 children living in orphanages, one in five of _____ will end his life in a psychiatric institution.

A	where
B	whose
C	whom
D	which
E	when

Question 11 Explanation:

After a preposition we use whom for people: one in five of whom (= one in five of these children). Not whose, because no noun follows, and not which, because the children are people.

Question 12

This internationally acclaimed photographer, one of _____ achievements is the Bridal Photograph of the Year Award, will be holding a seminar on photographic techniques this weekend.

A	who
B	that
C	which
D	whose
E	when

Question 12 Explanation:

The achievements belong to the photographer, so the possessive whose is needed: one of whose achievements = one of his/her achievements. Who and which cannot be followed by a noun here.

Question 13

Hong Kong, _____ is centred around the world’s largest deep-water harbour, was handed back to China on 1st July 1997.

A	which
B	where
C	what
D	how
E	that

Question 13 Explanation:

The gap is the subject of is centred, and the clause is non-defining (between commas), so which is correct. Not where: where means in which and cannot act as a subject. Not that: it is not used in non-defining clauses.

Question 14

In Hong Kong, _____ there are many steep areas, ninety per cent of the people live on fifteen per cent of the land, resulting in one of the highest population densities in the world.

A	whose
B	who
C	which
D	when
E	where

Question 14 Explanation:

Where (= in which) introduces a clause about a place, Hong Kong. The clause already has its own subject and verb (there are many steep areas). Not which: no subject or object is missing from the clause, so a relative pronoun cannot fit.

Question 15

I wanted to do my laundry, but I couldn’t use the machine because of a power cut, _____ frustrated me.

A	whose
B	when
C	that
D	where
E	which

Question 15 Explanation:

Which after a comma can refer to the whole previous idea (the fact that the machine couldn't be used): …, which frustrated me. That cannot be used this way after a comma.

Question 16

In order to reinforce my son’s English at school, I’m looking for a private teacher _____ can come in the evenings.

A	when
B	whose
C	who
D	whom
E	where

Question 16 Explanation:

Who is the subject relative pronoun for people: a private teacher who can come in the evenings. Not whom, which is an object form and cannot be the subject of can come.

Question 17

We sometimes spend a week in a cottage in Wales _____ belongs to a friend of my husband’s.

A	that
B	where
C	whose
D	who
E	when

Question 17 Explanation:

The gap is the subject of belongs, and the cottage is a thing, so that (or which) is used in this defining clause. Not where, because where cannot be a subject.

Question 18

In 1997, Princess Diana auctioned off seventy-nine formal dresses, the most expensive of _____ fetched 222,500 dollars, to raise money for AIDS and cancer centres.

A	who
B	when
C	where
D	which
E	whom

Question 18 Explanation:

After a superlative + of (the most expensive of), we use which for things and whom for people. The dresses are things, so the most expensive of which.

Question 19

It wasn’t so bad living in student accommodation because the three girls with _____ I shared the apartment were very easy-going and amusing.

A	whom
B	whose
C	which
D	who
E	that

Question 19 Explanation:

Directly after a preposition (with), we must use whom for people: the girls with whom I shared the apartment. Who and that cannot follow a preposition.

Question 20

The company exports fifty per cent of the products _____ it manufactures at this factory.

A	whose
B	that
C	where
D	who
E	when

Question 20 Explanation:

That introduces a defining clause and is the object of manufactures: it manufactures the products. Not where, because the clause needs an object, not a place.

Question 21

The exchange students, _____ had come to Germany from Ghana, were housed in temporary accommodation.

A	who
B	which
C	when
D	where
E	that

Question 21 Explanation:

The clause is non-defining (between commas) and refers to people, so we use who as the subject of had come. Not that, because that cannot introduce a non-defining clause.

Question 22

All the students _____ have been chosen to participate in the end-of-term concert should come to the assembly room at 10 a.m. on Saturday.

A	which
B	when
C	where
D	that
E	whose

Question 22 Explanation:

This is a defining clause about people, and that can be used instead of who as the subject: the students that have been chosen. Which is for things.

Question 23

My aunt, _____ son-in-law is the managing director of a large company, has been to a garden party at Buckingham Palace.

A	who
B	whom
C	which
D	whose
E	where

Question 23 Explanation:

Whose shows a relationship or possession: her son-in-law → whose son-in-law. Who and whom cannot be followed directly by a noun.

Question 24

The use of wind, _____ is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy, to generate electricity has increased lately because of recent interest in fuel conservation.

A	whose
B	which
C	that
D	who
E	where

Question 24 Explanation:

The non-defining clause (between commas) describes wind, a thing, and needs a subject for is, so which is correct. That is not used in non-defining clauses.

Question 25

His business partner wanted to discuss the reason _____ he hadn’t been informed of the recent developments.

A	which
B	when
C	whose
D	why
E	where

Question 25 Explanation:

After the reason, use why (= for which) to introduce a complete clause: the reason why he hadn't been informed. Not which, because the clause is not missing a subject or object.

Question 26

There are certain areas in the USA _____ brown bears still live in the wild.

A	where
B	whom
C	that
D	which
E	when

Question 26 Explanation:

Where (= in which) refers to places, and the clause already has a subject and verb (brown bears still live). Not that or which, which would need in at the end.

Question 27

As I had forgotten my raincoat when we went camping, Simon, _____ had brought two with him, lent me one of his.

A	whose
B	when
C	that
D	which
E	who

Question 27 Explanation:

Who is the subject pronoun for people in a non-defining clause: Simon, who had brought two with him. Not that, which is not used after a comma.

Question 28

Whenever I visited my aunt, she used to give me a huge slice of cake, _____ she had baked herself.

A	when
B	who
C	which
D	where
E	how

Question 28 Explanation:

Which refers to the cake (a thing) and is the object of had baked. It is used after a comma in a non-defining clause.

Question 29

My friend, _____ dream had always been to own a country home, has just bought a nice house in a small village.

A	whose
B	which
C	that
D	where
E	when

Question 29 Explanation:

Whose shows possession: my friend's dream → whose dream. Which and that cannot be followed by a noun to show possession for a person.

Question 30

State officials said two hundred people were injured in the train crash, of _____ ninety-five had serious injuries.

A	where
B	whose
C	whom
D	that
E	which

Question 30 Explanation:

After a preposition, whom is used for people: of whom ninety-five had serious injuries (= ninety-five of these people). Which is for things; that cannot follow a preposition.

Question 31

When I came to live in Turkey, I found shopping at boutiques _____ don’t display any prices very difficult.

A	when
B	who
C	whom
D	that
E	where

Question 31 Explanation:

That introduces a defining clause about things (boutiques) and is the subject of don't display. Not where, because where cannot be the subject of a verb.

Question 32

Yesterday, a train _____ was travelling from Munich to Hamburg in Germany crashed into an overpass.

A	where
B	when
C	who
D	whose
E	which

Question 32 Explanation:

The train is a thing, and the gap is the subject of was travelling, so which is used. Who is only for people.

Question 33

Mexico City, _____ poverty, pollution and water shortages are commonplace, now has a total population of about twenty million.

A	that
B	which
C	where
D	why
E	how

Question 33 Explanation:

Where (= in which) refers to a place, and the clause already has a subject (poverty, pollution and water shortages) and verb (are). Not which, because nothing is missing from the clause.

Question 34

Senegal, _____ main source of foreign income comes from peanuts, relies heavily on the world markets.

A	which
B	that
C	whose
D	why
E	when

Question 34 Explanation:

Whose shows possession and can refer to countries: Senegal's main source of income → whose main source. Which cannot be followed by a noun here.

Question 35

The 4th of July every year is the day _____ Americans celebrate their independence.

A	where
B	which
C	who
D	when
E	why

Question 35 Explanation:

After a time noun such as the day, use when (= on which) to introduce a complete clause: the day when Americans celebrate. Not which, which would need on: the day on which.

Question 36

Jacques Cousteau, the famous French ocean explorer _____ helped invent the Aqua-Lung, died in 1997 aged 87.

A	who
B	where
C	when
D	why
E	which

Question 36 Explanation:

Who refers to a person (the famous French ocean explorer) and is the subject of helped invent. Which is for things.

Question 37

The most spectacular monuments of ancient America are found in Mexico, Central America and the central Andes, _____ entire cities with pyramids, temples and palaces were built.

A	when
B	where
C	which
D	that
E	why

Question 37 Explanation:

Where (= in which) refers to the places just mentioned, and the clause is complete (entire cities … were built). Not which, because the clause does not need a subject or object.

Question 38

Underwater explorers have been studying the remains of Port Royal, Jamaica, _____ sank in the earthquake in 1692.

A	where
B	that
C	which
D	when
E	how

Question 38 Explanation:

The gap is the subject of sank and refers to Port Royal, so which is used in this non-defining clause. Not where, because where cannot be a subject.

Question 39

Do you believe there will be a time _____ all nations live in peace?

A	why
B	which
C	when
D	where
E	how

Question 39 Explanation:

After a time, use when (= at which) to introduce a complete clause: a time when all nations live in peace.

Question 40

The club chairman, _____ the members thought to be trustworthy, has just disappeared with the club’s money.

A	whom
B	how
C	when
D	that
E	which

Question 40 Explanation:

The chairman is the object of thought: the members thought him to be trustworthy → whom the members thought to be trustworthy. Not that, because the clause is non-defining (between commas).

Question 41

The first practical deep-sea diving suit, _____ was used to recover treasure from a shipwreck called the “Mary Rose”, was developed by John and Charles Deane.

A	that
B	who
C	when
D	where
E	which

Question 41 Explanation:

The gap is the subject of was used and refers to a thing (the diving suit), in a non-defining clause, so which is correct. Not that, which is not used after a comma.

Question 42

I won’t accept your homework unless you can provide a good reason _____ you haven’t handed it in on time.

A	when
B	why
C	where
D	which
E	who

Question 42 Explanation:

After a good reason, use why (= for which) with a complete clause: a reason why you haven't handed it in. Not which, because the clause is not missing a subject or object.

Question 43

Oceans and seas are bodies of saltwater _____ cover about 71 per cent of the Earth’s surface.

A	where
B	when
C	whose
D	why
E	that

Question 43 Explanation:

That is the subject of cover and refers to bodies of saltwater in a defining clause. Not where, which cannot be a subject.

Question 44

Not much is known about the history of West Africa until the year one thousand, _____ Arab geographers first made written records.

A	where
B	whose
C	in which
D	how
E	that

Question 44 Explanation:

In which refers to a time (the year one thousand) and introduces a complete clause; here it means the same as when. Not that, which cannot be used after a comma, and not where, which refers to places.

Question 45

A friend in England, _____ trip by herself to India was a complete disaster, says that, from now on, she will stick to package tours to resort areas.

A	of which
B	whom
C	whose
D	that
E	when

Question 45 Explanation:

Whose shows possession: her trip by herself to India → whose trip. Not of which, which is used for things, not for people.

Question 46

Divers at sites off Turkey have found the wrecks of vessels _____ date as far back as the 23rd century BC.

A	when
B	which
C	where
D	who
E	whose

Question 46 Explanation:

Which refers to the vessels (things) and is the subject of date. Not where, because where cannot be a subject.

Question 47

Only the elderly people of the village could remember a winter _____ snow had blocked the road for so long.

A	when
B	where
C	which
D	why
E	whose

Question 47 Explanation:

After a time noun (a winter), use when (= in which) with a complete clause: a winter when snow had blocked the road. Not which, because nothing is missing from the clause.

Question 48

Mark was not looking forward to telling Peter, _____ he had borrowed the book from, that he had left it on the train.

A	that
B	what
C	where
D	who
E	whose

Question 48 Explanation:

Who refers to Peter (a person) and is the object of the preposition from at the end of the clause: Peter, who he had borrowed the book from. In formal English this would be from whom he had borrowed the book. Not that, which cannot be used after a comma.

Question 49

Cappadocia, _____ the volcanic landscape features peculiarly shaped stone towers known as fairy chimneys, is of particular interest to foreign travellers.

A	when
B	which
C	how
D	that
E	where

Question 49 Explanation:

Where (= in which) refers to a place, and the clause already has a subject (the volcanic landscape) and verb (features). Not which, because the clause is complete.

Question 50

The distinctive style of Seljuk architecture can be seen in bridges, many of _____ are still in use today.

A	where
B	which
C	that
D	whom
E	what

Question 50 Explanation:

After many of, use which for things and whom for people. Bridges are things, so many of which. That cannot follow a preposition.

Question 51

This illness, _____ to be caused by a virus, cannot be treated with antibiotics.

A	believing
B	having believed
C	to have believed
D	to believe
E	believed

Question 51 Explanation:

This is a reduced relative clause with a passive meaning: This illness, which is believed to be caused by a virus → This illness, believed to be caused by a virus. Not believing, which is active (the illness does not believe anything).

Question 52

The boy _____ by the dog was given an injection against rabies.

A	biting
B	to have bitten
C	bitten
D	to bite
E	having bitten

Question 52 Explanation:

Bitten is the past participle in a reduced passive relative clause: the boy who was bitten by the dog → the boy bitten by the dog. The word by shows the passive meaning. Not biting, which is active.

Question 53

_____ from the thirteenth century, the “Kızıl Kule”, or “Red Tower”, in Alanya was very skilfully restored in the 1950s.

A	To date
B	Dating
C	Having dated
D	To be dated
E	To be dating

Question 53 Explanation:

Date from is a state verb in the active (the tower dates from the 13th century), so the reduced clause uses the -ing form: Dating from the thirteenth century, … Not To be dated, which would make it passive.

Question 54

Every dollar _____ to the charity will pay for 2 trees to be planted as part of the city’s tree campaign.

A	given
B	giving
C	give
D	to give
E	having given

Question 54 Explanation:

The dollar is given by someone, so we need a passive reduced clause with the past participle: every dollar which is given → every dollar given. Not giving, which is active.

Question 55

Peter, _____ by his children that it was a good idea, bought a puppy for them last weekend.

A	to be persuaded
B	persuaded
C	having persuaded
D	persuading
E	to persuade

Question 55 Explanation:

Peter was persuaded by his children, so the reduced clause is passive and uses the past participle: Peter, who was persuaded by his children → Peter, persuaded by his children. Not having persuaded, which is active (Peter persuaded someone).

Question 56

Tom Harris, a young American _____ played for a Spanish football club, is now coaching in the United States.

A	who
B	whom
C	which
D	where
E	when

Question 56 Explanation:

Who refers to a person (a young American) and is the subject of played. Not whom, which is an object form and cannot be the subject of a verb.

Question 57

The best person _____ us some information about Cyprus is Elif because she used to live there.

A	to give
B	given
C	being given
D	have given
E	to be given

Question 57 Explanation:

After the best/first/only person, we often use a to-infinitive in place of a relative clause: the best person to give us information = the best person who can give us information. Not to be given, which is passive (Elif gives information; she doesn't receive it).

Question 58

The player, _____ this opponent on two previous occasions, is quite confident of victory tomorrow.

A	beaten
B	to beat
C	who is beaten
D	who beat
E	to have beaten

Question 58 Explanation:

The player did the action (he beat the opponent), so we need an active relative clause: who beat this opponent on two previous occasions. Not beaten or who is beaten, which are passive and would mean the player lost.

Question 59

The four students _____ to represent the university during the inter-university challenge were chosen yesterday.

A	to trust
B	having trusted
C	trusting
D	to be trusting
E	trusted

Question 59 Explanation:

The students are trusted by the university, so we need a passive reduced clause with the past participle: the students who were trusted to represent the university → the students trusted to represent the university. Not trusting, which is active and would mean the students trust someone.

Question 60

In cycling, the best way _____ smooth, powerful pedalling is to practise using low to moderate gears.

A	to achieve
B	being achieved
C	achieved
D	be achieved
E	to have achieved

Question 60 Explanation:

After the best way, use the to-infinitive: the best way to achieve smooth pedalling. Not to have achieved, which refers to a completed past action, and not being achieved, which is passive.

Question 61

A reputable supplier _____ care to ensure high standards is the best place to buy a computer from.

A	being taken
B	taken
C	taking
D	to be taking
E	to have taken

Question 61 Explanation:

The supplier takes care (active), so the reduced clause uses the -ing form: a supplier which takes care → a supplier taking care. Not taken, which is passive.

Question 62

We couldn’t find time _____ we could practise the songs for the concert.

A	which
B	why
C	in that
D	then
E	when

Question 62 Explanation:

After time, use when (= in which) with a complete clause: time when we could practise. Not which, because the clause already has a subject and object.

Question 63

The Galata Tower, _____ overlooks the Bosphorus, the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara, has the most spectacular view in Istanbul.

A	when
B	which
C	where
D	whose
E	whom

Question 63 Explanation:

The tower is a thing and the gap is the subject of overlooks, so which is used in this non-defining clause. Not where, which cannot be a subject.

Question 64

Now an endangered species, the silver-grey Hawaiian monk seal, _____ since 1909, lives mainly in an area north-west of the main Hawaiian Islands.

A	having protected
B	protecting
C	to be protecting
D	protected
E	to protect

Question 64 Explanation:

The seal is protected by people, so we need a passive reduced clause: which has been protected since 1909 → protected since 1909. Not having protected or protecting, which are active and would mean the seal protects something.

Question 65

Marcus, _____ a position that is at a higher salary than his current position, is now thinking of resigning from his post.

A	offered
B	to be offered
C	offering
D	offer
E	having offered

Question 65 Explanation:

Marcus was offered a position (passive), so the reduced clause uses the past participle: Marcus, who was offered a position → Marcus, offered a position. Not having offered or offering, which are active and would mean Marcus offered the job to someone.

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