Adjective (Relative) Clauses Advanced Level MCQs Test With Answers 3

The gap starts a defining relative clause about a city, and the pronoun is the object of see (you can see the city growing). For a thing as object, use which (or that). Not where: where replaces a place adverbial, but the clause already has a missing object, not a missing 'in it'.

After a comma, which can refer back to a whole clause: the fact that the queues get longer is extremely frustrating. That cannot follow a comma in a non-defining clause, and what cannot refer back to a previous idea.

The clause adds extra information about a person, a police officer, and the pronoun is the subject of had pushed, so we use who. Not that: that cannot be used after a comma in a non-defining relative clause.

This is a non-defining clause (between commas) about a thing, the River Danube, and the pronoun is the subject of flows. Use which. Not that: it is not used in non-defining clauses after a comma.

The clause means 'the Danube rises in the Black Forest', so we need a relative adverb of place: where (= in which). Not which: it rises which has no preposition, so it needs in which or where.

The clause means 'cafes overflowed with fans in Paris'; the clause already has a subject (cafes), so we need where (= in which). Not which: which would need a missing subject or object in the clause.

The meaning is 'one of his strongest fears', so we need the possessive relative whose: one of whose strongest fears. Whose is followed directly by a noun (fears).

After a preposition (by) referring to a person, we use whom: the president had been betrayed by him → by whom. Not which (for things) and never that directly after a preposition.

This is a reduced participle clause with a passive meaning: the Coffin Spring is shaped like an omega. A passive meaning needs the past participle Shaped. Not Shaping: that would mean the spring shapes something itself.

Both gaps follow a comma, so both clauses are non-defining. The first which refers to Hawaii's soil (subject of is composed); the second which refers to the whole idea 'eleven tons of sugar per acre'. That cannot be used after a comma in this way.

The clause means 'people chop their own wood in New England'. It already has a subject and object, so we need where (= in which). Not which: there is no missing subject or object for it to replace.

This defining clause tells us which students, and the pronoun is the subject of haven't collected. For people as subject, use who (or that). Not whose: it needs a noun after it.

The meaning is 'its main function', so we need the possessive whose, followed by the noun main function. Whose can be used for things as well as people. Not which: which main function does not show possession.

The clause adds information about people, Polynesians, and the pronoun is the subject of sailed, so we use who. Not whose: it must be followed by a noun.

The meaning is 'his words', so we need the possessive relative whose + noun (words). Not whom: it is an object pronoun and cannot be followed by a noun.

The clause means 'the gold is kept in the vaults'. It already has a subject (it), so we need the relative adverb where (= in which). Not which: there is no missing subject or object.

After a comma, which refers back to the whole preceding statement (the population living near the sea is frightening). Not what: it does not refer back to a previous clause, and that cannot follow a comma here.

The meaning is 'its resources', so we use the possessive whose + noun (resources). Whose is also used for things. Not which: which resources does not express possession.

The clause means 'I thought it would be safe in that place'. It already has a subject (it), so we need where (= in which) after a place. Not which or that: there is no missing subject or object for them to replace.

The clause ends with the preposition in (enrolled in the school), so we need an object pronoun: that (or which). Not where: where already means 'in which', so where he's enrolled in would repeat the preposition.

After a preposition referring to a thing, we use which: in which they grew up. Not that or where: neither can follow a preposition (in where and in that are wrong).

First gap: a person (the mechanic) as subject of helped → who. Second gap: a noun clause meaning 'the thing that the problem was' → what. Not that / when: that works in the first gap, but when makes no sense in the second.

This defining clause tells us which story. I is the subject of was told, and the relative pronoun stands for the story (Leslie told me the story → the story that I was told). For things we use that (or which). Not who: it is only for people.

First gap: a defining clause about people as subject of work → that (or who). Second gap: 'gold is mined in the mines', and the clause already has a subject → where. Not who / when: when refers to time, not place.

New Year's Eve is a time, and the clause means 'most of us are celebrating on that day'. So we use the relative adverb when. Not which: there is no missing subject or object in the clause.

After a preposition (during) referring to a thing (the period), we use which: during which. Not when: during when is wrong. Not that: it cannot follow a preposition.

This is a reduced relative clause with a passive meaning: the coach was forced to leave (= who was forced to leave). A passive meaning needs the past participle forced. Not having forced: that is active and would mean the coach forced someone else.

The meaning is 'I am familiar with his (Dickens's) work', so we need the possessive whose + noun (work) after the preposition: with whose work. Not whom: it cannot be followed by a noun.

Both gaps are reduced relative clauses. The issues have been discussed (passive) → past participle discussed. The people are suffering from illnesses (active) → present participle suffering. Not being discussed / to suffer: to suffer cannot replace a relative clause here.

After the reason, we use the relative adverb why: the reason why football violence is increasing. Not which: the clause already has a subject and nothing else is missing, so which has no noun to replace. Not where: it is used for places, not reasons.

This is a reduced relative clause with an active meaning: hawks resemble eagles (= which resemble eagles). An active meaning needs the present participle resembling. Not resembled: that would be passive.

In the structure with + noun + participle, an active meaning takes the -ing form: with Australia ranking second (= and Australia ranked second). Not to rank: with is not followed by an infinitive here.

The clause means 'we stopped on/at the bank'. It already has a subject (we), so we need where. Not which: there is no missing subject or object for it to replace.

The juice is sold at the supermarket, so the reduced relative clause needs the past participle sold (passive meaning). Not selling: the juice does not sell anything.

The players blame themselves for the defeat. After a preposition referring to a thing, we use which: for which. Not whom: it is for people.

A defining clause about people (the students), with the pronoun as subject of had enrolled, takes that (or who). Not whom: it is an object form and cannot be the subject of a verb.

The meaning is 'his abilities', so we need the possessive whose + noun (abilities). Not who: who abilities has no possessive meaning.

A non-defining clause (between commas) about a thing, the result, as subject of was, takes which. Not that: it cannot be used after a comma in a non-defining clause.

The school was recommended to me by my friend, so the reduced relative clause needs the past participle recommended (passive). The agent by my friend is a clear passive clue. Not recommending: the school did not recommend anything.

First gap: a defining clause with the object pronoun left out: the people (whom) the police questioned, so it needs a finite verb, questioned. Second gap: the main verb; not seeing anything happened before the questioning, so the past perfect hadn't seen fits. Not questioning / didn't see: the police questioning has no finite verb.

In the pattern several of + relative pronoun, people take whom: several of whom. Not which: it is used for things (several of which).

A non-defining clause (after a comma) about people, as subject of showed, takes who. Not that: it cannot be used in non-defining clauses.

Thailand was known as Siam, so the reduced clause needs the past participle known (passive meaning). Formerly known as is a fixed expression. Not having known: it is active.

In the pattern many of + relative pronoun, things take which: many of which. Not that: it cannot follow a preposition. Not whom: it is for people.

First gap: students who are studying a language → active present participle studying. Second gap: 'its language' → possessive whose + noun. Not studied / in which: studied is passive, and in which language does not fit the meaning.