Tenses – Passives (Elementary / Pre-Intermediate) Test 11

After Let's we use the base form of the verb: Let's do, Let's go. Not to do: we never use to after let's.

We use going to when we can see now that something will happen. The clouds tell us: it's going to rain. Not will rain: it's will rain is not correct.

We use the present continuous for a future plan or arrangement. Next week shows it is a plan: I am seeing the doctor next week.

We use going to for something we expect because of what we see now. John eats too much, so he is going to get fat.

We use the past perfect (had + past participle) for something before another past time. Before he came to Turkey, he had never seen a camel. Not has seen: the story is in the past.

Already means 'before now, sooner than expected'. It goes between have and the past participle: I've already done it. Not yet: it goes at the end, mostly in questions and negatives.

This month is not finished yet, so we use the present perfect: has grown. Not grew: the past simple is for a finished time.

The bus left before I got there, so we use the past perfect: had left. Not left: that would mean it left at the moment I arrived.

This is a finished action in the past, so we use the past simple: When I arrived home. My father went out before that, so he had gone out.

After as soon as, when, before we use the present simple for the future: as soon as I get. Not will get: we don't use will after as soon as.

Ken is doing it now, at the moment of speaking, so we use the present continuous: he is having a bath.

The present perfect with for shows something that started in the past and is still true now: has known. They are still good friends tells us it continues. Not knew: that would mean it is finished.

The present perfect continuous is have/has been + -ing. It shows an action that started in the past and is still going on: He has been acting for about 60 years.

The present perfect is has/hasn't + past participle: It hasn't stopped since then. Since is a clue for the present perfect.

Istanbul did not do the action, so we need the passive. It happened in 1453, so we use the past: was conquered. Not is conquered: that is the present.

The present passive is is/are + past participle: Turkish is spoken in Turkey. The language doesn't speak; people speak it.

The book was written in the past, so we use the past passive: was written by Leo Tolstoy. Not is written: the question Who wrote …? is about the past.

The present perfect passive is has been + past participle: That film has been shown on TV. The film doesn't show anything; TV shows it. Not being shown: we need been after has.

Someone else took her, so we need the passive. Yesterday shows the past: She was taken to hospital. Not took: that would mean she took someone or something.

The present passive is is + past participle: Coffee is grown in Brazil. It means the same as They grow coffee in Brazil.