Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Advanced Level Test – Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 3

In a non-defining clause, a quantifier + of which refers to things: most of which = most of the museums. Not of whom, because whom is only for people, and museums are things.

After a preposition, the relative pronoun for a thing (here a period) is which: during which = during that period. Not when, because when cannot follow a preposition (during when is wrong), though a period when alone would be fine.

Where introduces a relative clause after a noun of place or situation. Here it means 'in which': households where the wife considered… and (households) where women earned…. Both gaps are followed by a complete clause with its own subject and object, so which/that/whom cannot be used.

After a preposition, use which for things: under which = under the Eighth Amendment. Not that, because that can never come directly after a preposition (under that is wrong here).

After the way, a relative clause is introduced by that, in which or no word at all: the way (that) the firm carried out its policy. Not what, because what already contains its own noun (= the thing that), and it cannot follow the way.

This is a reduced relative clause: the visas (which are) required becomes the visas required. The past participle alone can follow the noun. Not which, because which required would need are: which are required.

The first gap is followed by a complete clause (patriarchy is accepted), so it needs where (= in which cultures). The second gap needs a subject pronoun for a pattern of relationships, so that (or which) fits: a pattern … that can frustrate them both. Not which / which, because cultures which patriarchy is accepted lacks a preposition.

The clause after the gap is complete (men are the primary decision-makers), so you need preposition + which: a system in which = a system where. Not that, because that would need a missing subject or object in the clause.

This is a reduced relative clause with an active verb: a region, which consists of… becomes a region, consisting of…. Not consists, because a second finite verb cannot follow without which or and. Note that consist is never passive, so to be consisted is impossible.

The gap comes after a comma, and that cannot introduce a clause after a comma. So the subject pronoun for things here is which: …languages, which are on the brink of extinction. On which and in which are wrong because the clause needs a subject, not a place.

The first gap needs a subject pronoun for the settlement: the settlement that extends to…. The second gap is followed by a noun (practices), so it needs the possessive whose: entities whose practices = entities and their practices. Not where, because the clause is about possession, not place.

A formal structure is preposition + which + to-infinitive: a buttress with which to tackle = a buttress that we can tackle it with. Only a preposition + which/whom can come before the infinitive. That to tackle is impossible.

The clause after the comma is non-defining and needs a subject for a mortality rate, so which is used: …a mortality rate, which … is usually the highest. Not that, because that is not used after a comma in non-defining clauses.

Rule takes a direct object (they ruled the nation), so the relative pronoun is simply that (or which): the nation that they ruled. Not of which, because rule does not take of.

The main verb is made, so the gap needs a reduced active relative clause: the love affair (which caused) the reassignment becomes the love affair causing the reassignment. Not caused, because it would make a second finite verb. Not being caused, because the affair caused the change; it was not caused by it.

The preposition comes from the verb in the relative clause: plants are adapted to conditions, so the clause is the conditions to which they are best adapted. Not that, because that would leave out the needed to. In which changes the meaning to a place, not the thing the plants are adapted to.

A noun follows the gap (early life), and it belongs to the poet, so the possessive whose is needed: the information about whose early life = the information about his early life. Not of which, because that refers to things and would need a different word order (the early life of which).

In formal English, noun + of which can replace whose for things: an experiment, the success of which = an experiment whose success. Not which alone, because the success which is… would make success the subject of a separate clause and lose the link to experiment.

With quantifiers (half, most, some, all) before a non-defining relative clause about things, use of which: half of which = half of the universities. Not whose, because no noun follows the gap. Not of that, because that cannot follow a preposition.

Both gaps are reduced passive relative clauses: behaviours (which are) adopted by the group and (which are) passed along becomes behaviours adopted … and passed along. Not are adopted / passed, because a finite verb would need which. Not having adopted, because that is active, and the behaviours are adopted by people.

Each of which refers back to the compound eyes one by one: compound eyes, each of which has 5000 lenses = each of the eyes has 5000 lenses. Not whose, because no noun follows the gap.

Extent combines with to: to a certain extent. So the relative form is the extent to which = how far, how much. Not that, because the preposition to is needed and that cannot follow it.

The verb is associate with someone, and the people are the women, so the form is with whom: the women with whom they associate. Not whom alone, because the preposition with is missing. Not which, because it is used for things.

With the structure noun + _____, the formal pattern is the main exports of which = whose main exports. Not whose, because whose must come before the noun (a country whose main exports…), not after it.

This is a reduced passive relative clause: a cat (which had been) abandoned by its owners becomes a cat abandoned by its owners. The agent by its owners shows that a passive meaning is needed. Not having abandoned, because it is active and would mean the cat abandoned someone.