Advanced Vocabulary Test 1 – ESL Vocabulary Exercises


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Advanced Vocabulary Test 1 - ESL Vocabulary Exercises

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Question 1

He admits _____ that he is a bit of a womanizer.

A
plumply
B
usurpingly
C
genealogically
D
unabashedly
E
fastidiously
Question 1 Explanation: 
Unabashedly means openly, without embarrassment or shame. It fits a man who freely admits a fact that others might hide. Fastidiously means very carefully and precisely, which does not suit the way someone admits something.
Question 2

The farmers are obviously eager to adopt any means to _____ the salinity of their land and bring it back down to acceptable levels.

A
crab
B
sprout
C
abate
D
contaminate
E
counterfeit
Question 2 Explanation: 
To abate something is to reduce it or make it less intense, e.g. measures to abate pollution. The farmers want the salinity to go down, so abate fits. Contaminate means to make dirty or impure, which is the opposite of what they want.
Question 3

How or when my great rage began to abate I cannot say. Somehow it began to wane, and it waned quite rapidly. I _____ my composure within a few minutes.

A
appealed
B
indulged
C
fidgeted
D
regained
E
cured
Question 3 Explanation: 
The collocation is regain one's composure, meaning to become calm again after being upset. The clue is that the rage 'began to wane', so the speaker calmed down. Cured does not collocate with composure.
Question 4

Due to his generally frail health, the king may soon _____ the throne in favour of his son.

A
abdicate
B
advocate
C
agitate
D
abbreviate
E
assume
Question 4 Explanation: 
To abdicate is to give up the throne or a position of power formally, e.g. abdicate the throne in favour of his son. Assume the throne means to become king, which contradicts 'in favour of his son'.
Question 5

Police rescued the two minors who were _____ by their former nanny last week.

A
adulated
B
adorned
C
abashed
D
augmented
E
abducted
Question 5 Explanation: 
To abduct someone is to take them away illegally, by force or deception. Here the police 'rescued' the children, so they had been taken away. Abashed means embarrassed, and adorned means decorated.
Question 6

I find it truly _____ that scientific knowledge and some of our best human resources should be wasted on researching and developing new ways to maim and kill one another.

A
Augustan
B
admirable
C
avaricious
D
avant-garde
E
abominable
Question 6 Explanation: 
Abominable means extremely bad, shocking and deserving hatred. The speaker thinks it is a terrible waste to use science to 'maim and kill', so a strongly negative word is needed. Admirable (deserving praise) is the opposite of the speaker's view.
Question 7

A civilized man respects all life and _____ cruelty to animals.

A
appeases
B
abhors
C
atones for
D
assimilates
E
attests
Question 7 Explanation: 
To abhor something is to hate it deeply, especially on moral grounds, e.g. She abhors violence. A person who 'respects all life' would hate cruelty. Atones for means makes amends for a wrong one has done, which does not fit.
Question 8

Spherical _____ is an optical effect occurring when the rays entering near the edge of a lens are focused in a different location than the central rays.

A
abomination
B
abduction
C
abstraction
D
aberration
E
abrogation
Question 8 Explanation: 
In optics, an aberration is a defect that stops a lens or mirror from bringing light to one sharp focus. In spherical aberration, rays through the edge of a spherical lens focus at a different point from rays through the centre. Abstraction (a general idea) and abrogation (official cancellation of a law) are unrelated.
Question 9

To _____ something is to renounce it or abstain from it, with the implication that this is done publicly.

A
simulate
B
astound
C
augment
D
abjure
E
condone
Question 9 Explanation: 
To abjure is to renounce a belief, claim or practice solemnly, often in public, e.g. He abjured his former political views. Condone means to accept or excuse bad behaviour, which is close to the opposite.
Question 10

Organic chemistry, as a science, I truly esteem and admire; but memorising all those lengthy formulas I really _____ and abhor.

A
abominate
B
adulate
C
adorn
D
accost
E
adjourn
Question 10 Explanation: 
To abominate is to detest or loathe something. It is paired here with its synonym abhor, and contrasted with 'esteem and admire' after but. Adulate means to praise excessively, which is the opposite meaning.
Question 11

Ancient literature _____ prose and poetry concerned with heroes and their adventures. Such works are everywhere.

A
is short of
B
abounds in
C
commemorates
D
is bereft of
E
betrays
Question 11 Explanation: 
To abound in (or with) something means to have a great amount of it, e.g. The river abounds in fish. The clue is 'Such works are everywhere'. Is bereft of means completely lacks, which contradicts the second sentence.
Question 12

Following a heated debate in the Parliament, the defence treaty signed last year was finally ratified.

To ratify means to _____.

A
appease
B
abrogate
C
give formal sanction to
D
annul
E
send to the Constitutional Court
Question 12 Explanation: 
To ratify a treaty or agreement is to give it formal approval so that it becomes officially valid. Abrogate and annul mean to cancel officially, which is the opposite.
Question 13

About three kilometres from Mordoğan, the road takes an _____ left-hand turn and goes down into a valley teeming with lush olive trees.

A
lascivious
B
abrupt
C
improper
D
abstruse
E
interminable
Question 13 Explanation: 
Abrupt means sudden and unexpected; an abrupt turn is a sharp, sudden change of direction. Abstruse (hard to understand) and lascivious (showing sexual desire) cannot describe a road. Interminable means endless, which does not fit a single turn.
Question 14

ARGUMENT: "_____ from sweets and sugary drinks is the most effective way to avoid tooth decay."

COUNTER-ARGUMENT: "In which case, I'd rather have bad teeth."

A
Over-indulgence
B
Strict absorption
C
Complete abstinence
D
Horrid abhorrence
E
Abrupt aberration
Question 14 Explanation: 
Abstinence means deliberately not doing or having something you enjoy, and it collocates with from, e.g. abstinence from alcohol. The counter-argument jokes that giving up sweets entirely is too high a price. Over-indulgence (having far too much) is the opposite and would cause tooth decay.
Question 15

No one in the world could solve such an abstruse problem.

Abstruse means _____.

A
complex and difficult to understand
B
simple and easy for mathematicians
C
lucid enough for the thoughtful
D
absurd in the highest degree possible
E
laggard and leisurely
Question 15 Explanation: 
Abstruse means very complex and difficult to understand, e.g. an abstruse philosophical argument. The clue is that 'no one in the world could solve' it. Lucid means clear and easy to understand, the opposite. Absurd only looks similar.
Question 16

Just point a _____ in the right direction, will you? All I am asking for is a little help in getting this program started.

A
vagrant
B
courier
C
pedestrian
D
novice
E
messenger
Question 16 Explanation: 
A novice is a beginner with little experience. The speaker needs 'a little help in getting this program started', so he is a beginner asking to be pointed in the right direction. Pedestrian (a person walking) only fits the literal idea of directions, not the meaning here.
Question 17

The businessman, who once owned several factories, later in life became a (an) _____ opponent of industrial pollution.

A
retrospective
B
impenetrable
C
generous
D
ambiguous
E
outspoken
Question 17 Explanation: 
Outspoken means expressing opinions openly and directly, even if they upset others, e.g. an outspoken critic of the government. It collocates naturally with opponent and critic. Ambiguous means unclear or having more than one meaning, which does not describe a firm opponent.
Question 18

Even though I was quickly sinking into a (an) _____ of despair, something in me was not ready to give up.

A
glee
B
mirth
C
euphoria
D
hilarity
E
abyss
Question 18 Explanation: 
An abyss is a very deep hole; figuratively, an abyss of despair is a state of complete hopelessness. The clues are 'sinking into' and 'despair'. The other options (glee, mirth, euphoria, hilarity) all mean happiness and contradict the sentence.
Question 19

Süleyman, one of the most ambitious chess players in the country, was unforgiving toward his rivals. He never missed a chance to defeat Yusuf, his arch _____.

A
bambino
B
accomplice
C
foe
D
cherub
E
confederate
Question 19 Explanation: 
A foe is an enemy or opponent, and arch foe (like arch-enemy or arch-rival) means a person's main enemy. The clue is 'unforgiving toward his rivals'. Accomplice and confederate mean a partner or helper, the opposite of an enemy.
Question 20

A young man was _____ by some ruffians on a lonely street. "Galatasaray or Fenerbahçe?" he was queried in a threatening manner. Not knowing which group had stopped him, the young man cleverly replied, "Beşiktaş" -- and received a few knuckle sandwiches anyway.

A
whimpered
B
giggled
C
shrieked
D
accosted
E
blubbered
Question 20 Explanation: 
To accost someone is to approach and speak to them in a bold or aggressive way, often a stranger in the street. The ruffians stop the young man and question him threateningly. The other options (whimper, giggle, shriek, blubber) describe sounds a person makes and cannot be used in the passive here.
Question 21

The fines are to continue until the company _____ the court rulings, one of which calls for a full clean-up of the river.

A
aggravates
B
abides by
C
violates
D
proclaims
E
pays lip service to
Question 21 Explanation: 
To abide by a rule, decision or ruling is to accept and obey it, e.g. abide by the law. The fines will stop only when the company obeys. Pays lip service to means to say you support something without actually doing it, so the fines would continue.
Question 22

At the age of 64, he was now at the _____ of his career as an influential and outspoken member of parliament.

A
abyss
B
nadir
C
acme
D
ebb
E
nether
Question 22 Explanation: 
The acme is the highest point or peak of something, e.g. the acme of his career. He is 'influential and outspoken', so he is at his peak. Nadir means the lowest point, the exact opposite.
Question 23

He now acquiesced in every directive he received from his boss, just as he had once acquiesced to all his parents' wishes.

Acquiesce means: _____.

A
comply with
B
balk at
C
disagree with
D
dissent from
E
dissuade from
Question 23 Explanation: 
To acquiesce (in or to something) is to accept or agree to it quietly, without protest. So it is close to comply with. Balk at means to refuse or hesitate to do something, the opposite.
Question 24

I think one would be justified in saying that today we live in an acquisitive society.

Acquisitive means: _____.

A
greedy, covetous and materialistic
B
technologically developed but with low morale
C
with humane and charitable feelings in the fore
D
incredibly altruistic – utterly and thoroughly
E
as self-denying and self-sacrificing as can be
Question 24 Explanation: 
Acquisitive describes people who are eager to get and own money and possessions, so it means greedy and materialistic, e.g. an acquisitive society. The other options describe generosity or self-sacrifice, which are the opposite.
Question 25

Some say kımız has a _____ aftertaste. It seems that they find it somewhat "acrid". Needless to say, I quite disagree with them.

A
bitter and sourish
B
deliciously savoury
C
rotten and putrid
D
exquisitely palatable
E
sweet and sour
Question 25 Explanation: 
Acrid describes an unpleasantly sharp, bitter taste or smell, e.g. acrid smoke. The speaker disagrees with people who find kımız unpleasant, so their view is bitter and sourish. Rotten and putrid is too strong; acrid means sharp, not decayed.
Question 26

Animal _____ is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.

A
husbandry
B
heraldry
C
wifery
D
protection
E
manufacturing
Question 26 Explanation: 
Animal husbandry is a fixed term for the breeding and care of farm animals; husbandry means careful farming or management of resources. Heraldry is the study of coats of arms, and wifery is not a word in this sense.
Question 27

The boss flew into a rage at the janitor's stupidity and it took a lot of tact to _____ him.

A
lure
B
soothe
C
brace
D
chafe
E
nudge
Question 27 Explanation: 
To soothe someone is to calm them down when they are angry or upset. The boss 'flew into a rage', and 'tact' was needed to calm him. Chafe means to rub or irritate, which would make things worse.
Question 28

Collaborative divorce uses negotiation and cooperation to achieve a settlement with minimal acrimony between the parties involved.

Acrimony means: _____.

A
civility
B
bitterness
C
decency
D
deference
E
urbanity
Question 28 Explanation: 
Acrimony means angry, bitter feelings or words between people, e.g. The meeting ended in acrimony. The divorce aims for 'cooperation', so it wants as little bitterness as possible. Civility, decency, deference and urbanity all describe polite behaviour, the opposite.
Question 29

His business acumen was such that with the passing of the years he rose to be a director of the company.

Acumen means: _____.

A
oblivion
B
ineptness
C
obtuseness
D
astuteness
E
naïveté
Question 29 Explanation: 
Acumen is the ability to make quick, good judgements, especially in business, so it is close to astuteness (shrewdness). The clue is that he 'rose to be a director'. Ineptness, obtuseness and naïveté all suggest a lack of skill or judgement.
Question 30

According to an old adage in medicine, “if you don’t look for it, you will never diagnose it.”

Adage means: _____.

A
neophyte
B
maxim
C
syllogism
D
paradox
E
shibboleth
Question 30 Explanation: 
An adage is a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth, so its synonym is maxim, e.g. the old adage 'time is money'. A paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory, and a syllogism is a form of logical argument, not a traditional saying.
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